One thing we all dread getting is falling ill with the common cold. Though
cold is generally a mild and self-limiting illness, it can cause a lot of discomfort
and hugely impact our daily activities. For some colds are so troublesome that they
end up having runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, coughing, and sometimes a sore
throat. Adults usually experience two to three colds per year, while kids can
have three to five.
The reason for the common cold is often a viral infection, mostly by rhinoviruses. The common cold is highly infectious and
contagious and can be spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
Factors contributing to the common cold:
Viral Infection:
Rhinoviruses are the most common culprits, but other
viruses like coronaviruses and adenoviruses can also cause colds. Though this
condition is generally harmless and all the symptoms usually resolve within two
weeks. Over-the-counter products and home remedies can help control symptoms.
These symptoms may include a runny nose, sneezing and congestion. If
you face high fever or other severe symptoms it is better to see a doctor,
especially for children.
Airborne Transmission:
The viruses that usually cause colds are typically
transmitted in the atmosphere through respiratory droplets when an infected
person talks, coughs, or sneezes. These droplets can be inhaled by people close
to the infected person leading to a common cold. This type of cold spreads easily when we are in groups or high population dense areas.
Direct Contact:
Shaking hands, touching a surface or object with the virus
on it and then touching the face, especially the nose or mouth, can lead you to
get infected from the common cold. Viruses can survive on surfaces for a few hours
to several days depending upon our hygiene level and our surroundings. It
is better to practice better hygiene and sanitize your surroundings.
Weak Immune System:
Some people do get colds more often than other people
because their immune systems aren't as strong. A weakened immune system may
make you more susceptible to infections, including the common cold. Other factors
such as stress, lack of sleep, and poor nutrition can contribute to a weakened
immune system.
Seasonal Variation:
Most of us get ill after every change of season change. Colds
are more common in the fall and winter months. Cold weather itself doesn't
cause the cold, but people tend to spend more time indoors close to others
during these seasons, increasing the risk of transmission.
Age and Exposure to Infected Individuals:
Children and infants are more susceptible to colds as their immune systems are still developing, and they may not have built up immunity to as many viruses. Elderly people too are a vulnerable lot and they need to be protected from seasonable colds and infections. Close contact with individuals who have a cold, such as family members, friends, or coworkers, increases the risk of transmission. Sometimes incomplete immunity is the cause of cold as there are many different strains of cold viruses, and one strain does not provide immunity against other strains.
How to stay safe from common cold
Remember that it's essential to manage your symptoms while your body fights off the infection. If your symptoms persist or worsen, or if you have underlying health conditions, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for guidance.
It's important to note that antibiotics are not effective
against viral infections, including the common cold. Treatment usually focuses
on alleviating symptoms and allowing the immune system to fight off the
infection. Good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing, and avoiding
close contact with sick individuals, can help reduce the risk of contracting a
cold.
Adopting good hygiene practices
and making lifestyle choices that support a healthy immune system. Here are
some tips to help you stay safe from the common cold:
Frequent Handwashing:
Washing your hands is vital to keeping yourself healthy. Wash your hands regularly with soap and water for at least
20 seconds, especially after coughing, sneezing, or being in public places. Use
alcohol-based hand sanitizers if soap and water are not available.
Avoid Touching Your Face:
If you want to stay healthy and avoid falling ill then do not touch your face, especially your eyes, nose, and
mouth, as this can transfer viruses from your hands to mucous membranes.
Practice Respiratory Hygiene:
Respiratory hygiene or cough etiquette is a simple way to prevent illness it has some simple steps that say-
1, Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when
you cough or sneeze.
2, Dispose of used tissues properly
3, Wash your hands immediately or use a hand sanitizer every time you touch your mouth or nose.
These steps are the easiest way to help prevent the spread of illness.
Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle:
Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to support your immune system. Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water. Get regular exercise to maintain overall health. Food rich in Vitamin C helps recovery and prevention of common cold. As a preventive measure, drink plenty of water and other fluids like soups, herbal tea and broths. Hydration helps soothe a sore throat and keeps you hydrated, which is important for recovery.
Adequate Sleep:
Cold symptoms will go away on their own over time and rest is one of the best ways to help your body heal, so in a sense, you can sleep off a cold. Sleep helps boost the immune system and can help you recover from a cold more quickly. Ensure you get enough sleep each night. Lack of sleep can
weaken your immune system and make you more susceptible to infections.
Manage Stress:
A study says that " stress can lead to inflammation, disease, and the dysregulation of the immune system. This dysregulation can make it harder for a person's body to defend against infections, which can increase their risk of the common cold and flu".Chronic stress can weaken the immune system. Practice stress-reduction techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, or yoga.
Avoid Close Contact with Sick Individuals:
Avoid close contact with people who have a cold, especially during the first few days when they are most likely to spread the infection. Wash your hands after touching someone who has a cold, after touching an object they have touched, and after blowing your nose. If a child has a cold, wash his or her toys after play.
If someone around you is sick, try to maintain some distance. If you've caught a common cold, there's no cure, but you can always try to alleviate symptoms and help your body recover.
Saline Nasal Drops and
Saline nasal drops or sprays can help relieve nasal congestion and improve breathing. They can be particularly helpful before bedtime. Gargling with warm salt water can soothe a sore throat and reduce irritation.
Over-the-Counter Medications:
Over-the-counter (OTC) medications may help relieve
symptoms. These include decongestants, antihistamines to help soothe your cough, and pain relievers.
Always follow the recommended dosage and consult with a healthcare professional
if you have any concerns.
Taking care while you are down with a cold will definitely help you get better, and maintaining hygiene will surely help you recover faster
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